By Jane Marsh
Autoimmune diseases in children are on the rise, but early awareness is key. Learn what to watch for and how to reduce common triggers at home.
What Are Autoimmune Diseases in Children?
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s healthy cells. Both genetics and environmental factors can trigger these conditions, which often appear in childhood as the immune system develops.
Common examples include Type 1 diabetes, where insulin-producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which causes joint pain and swelling. Coeliac disease damages the small intestine in response to gluten, while lupus affects various organs by attacking healthy tissue. Psoriasis speeds up skin cell growth, leading to itchy, scaly patches.
Why Are Autoimmune Conditions Increasing?
Several modern factors may be contributing to the increase in autoimmune diseases in children. One major component is exposure to toxins like air pollution, plastics and chemicals, which can disrupt developing immune systems. Children’s growing bodies absorb more pollutants and are less able to eliminate them, increasing long-term health risks.
Another theory is the hygiene hypothesis. A lack of exposure to germs in early childhood may cause the immune system to overreact later on. While clean homes feel safe, they may limit helpful microbial exposure.
Gut health also plays a role. Antibiotics, diet and even birth methods can disrupt the gut microbiome, increasing inflammation and autoimmune risk. Finally, genetics matter. A family history of autoimmune disease can raise a child’s risk, but reducing environmental triggers can help lower it.
Early Warning Signs to Watch Out For
Many autoimmune diseases start subtly. Here’s what to keep an eye on – even when your hands are full:
- Frequent tummy troubles: Recurrent diarrhoea, constipation, bloating, or stomach pain could signal coeliac disease or inflammatory bowel issues.
- Chronic fatigue or sleepiness: If your child sleeps more than usual, feels exhausted after normal play or struggles to focus, it could be a sign of something deeper.
- Recurring joint pain or swelling: Limping, stiffness or refusal to move certain limbs may indicate juvenile arthritis.
- Unexplained rashes or sensitivities: Skin flare-ups, sun sensitivity, or hives that come and go without a clear cause might hint at lupus or another autoimmune condition.
- Constant thirst and urination: These are key signs of Type 1 diabetes and need immediate medical attention.
Where Could These Triggers Be Hiding in Your Home?
It’s easy to assume the real dangers are outside, but some of the most common autoimmune triggers are right under your nose – literally. Here are some potential culprits and how to spot them.
Gas Leaks or Carbon Monoxide
Slow leaks from gas stoves, heaters or fireplaces can quietly expose your child to toxic fumes. Use a carbon monoxide detector and schedule regular checks by a certified technician. Ensuring proper ventilation in kitchens and utility areas also helps keep indoor air safer.
Synthetic Fragrances and Cleaning Products
Many household products contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Choose unscented or plant-based cleaners and avoid aerosol sprays when your baby’s in the room. These safer alternatives help create a healthier breathing space for your child.
Plastic Baby Bottles and Food Containers
Some plastics release bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, affecting immune function. Look for BPA-free and phthalate-free labels and avoid microwaving plastic containers. Opt for glass or stainless steel when storing or heating food to reduce chemical exposure.
